(ITP-25) Introduction to motivation, and Factors affecting motivation
Abstract
Motivation is a complex process influenced by both internal and
external factors. Two main types of motivation are extrinsic (externally
driven) and intrinsic (internally driven). Motivation can vary in intensity,
direction, and persistence depending on the situation and the individual. Many
factors can affect motivation, including biological, emotional, cognitive, and
social factors. Our basic physiological and psychological needs can drive us to
act in certain ways.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs categorizes human needs into five
levels, from basic survival needs to the highest level of needs for personal
growth and fulfillment. These needs drive our motivation and influence our
actions.
Introduction to Motivation
Motivation is a complex process that involves biological,
emotional, cognitive, and social factors. It can be influenced by both internal
and external factors, such as our needs, goals, values, expectations, rewards,
and punishments. Motivation can also vary in intensity, direction, and
persistence depending on the situation and the individual.
Types of Motivation
There are two main types of motivation: extrinsic motivation and
intrinsic motivation.
Ø Extrinsic motivation is when we are
motivated by external factors, such as rewards, punishments, or social
pressure. For example, a student may study hard for a test because they want to
get a good grade and impress their parents or teacher.
Ø Intrinsic motivation is when we are
motivated by internal factors, such as personal interest, enjoyment, or
satisfaction. For example, a student may study a subject they love because they
find it fascinating and enjoyable.
Factors Affecting Motivation
There are many factors that can affect motivation, including
biological, emotional, cognitive, and social factors.
1. Needs:
Our basic physiological and psychological
needs, such as hunger, thirst, safety, belongingness, esteem, and
self-actualization, can drive us to act in certain ways.
2. Goals:
Our desired outcomes, such as
achievement, affiliation, power, and autonomy, can provide direction and
meaning to our actions.
3. Values:
Our beliefs about what is important and
desirable, such as fairness, justice, honesty, and respect, can shape our
attitudes and behaviors.
4. Expectations:
Our beliefs about what we can achieve and
how likely we are to succeed, such as self-efficacy and locus of control, can
affect our confidence and persistence
5. Rewards and punishments:
The consequences of our actions, such as
praise, grades, money, and social approval, can reinforce or discourage certain
behaviors.
6. Social influence:
The norms, expectations, and feedback
from others, such as peers, parents, and teachers, can impact our motivation
and performance.
7. Emotions:
Our feelings, such as joy, fear, anger,
and sadness, can influence our motivation and behavior in different ways.
8. Environmental Factor Motivation
Environmental factors, as
related to genetics, refers to exposures to substances where we live or work,
behaviors (such as smoking or poor diet) that can increase an individual's risk
of disease or stressful situations.
Motives
Abraham Maslow's Theory
There is a well-known theory of
motivation called "Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs," which
suggests that human needs are organized in a hierarchy of five levels, from the
most basic physiological needs to the highest level of self-actualization.
According to Maslow, people are motivated to satisfy their needs in a
sequential order, with each level building on the previous one. Once a lower
level of needs is met, people are motivated to move up to the next level. The
five levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs are:
1. Physiological needs:
The most basic needs for survival, such as food, water,
shelter, and sleep.
2. Safety needs:
The needs for
security, stability, and protection from harm.
3. Love and belongingness needs:
The needs for social connection, affection, and intimacy.
4. Esteem needs:
The needs for recognition, respect, and self-esteem.
5. Self-actualization needs:
The highest level of needs for personal growth,
creativity, and fulfillment.
Conclusion
Our motivation is driven by our
basic physiological and psychological needs, such as food, water, shelter,
safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization. These needs can be
categorized into five levels, starting from the most basic needs for survival
to the highest level of needs for personal growth, creativity, and fulfillment.
Meeting these needs can drive us to act in certain ways and influence our
motivation.
