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Wednesday, June 21, 2023

Cognitive Psychology: Problem Solving by Analogy

 

Problem Solving by analogy:

Definition: Problem solving by analogy refers to the process of solving a new problem by drawing upon the knowledge and solutions from a similar, previously solved problem.

Importance of Analogy in Problem Solving:

·         Analogies help us make connections between problems that may appear unrelated at first.

·         They enable us to transfer knowledge and solutions from one domain to another.

·         Analogies stimulate creativity and innovation by providing new perspectives on problem solving.

Steps in Problem Solving by Analogy:

Identify the target problem: Clearly define the problem that needs to be solved.

Find a source problem: Search for a previously solved problem that shares similarities or patterns with the target problem.

Extract the underlying principles: Identify the key principles or strategies used to solve the source problem.

Apply the principles to the target problem: Adapt and apply the principles from the source problem to the target problem.

Evaluate and refine the solution: Assess the effectiveness of the applied principles and refine the solution as needed.

Examples of Problem Solving by Analogy:

1.      Wright Brothers and Bird Flight: The Wright Brothers’ observation and understanding of bird flight helped them design the first successful airplane.

2.      Velcro: The invention of Velcro was inspired by the observation of burrs sticking to clothes and fur.

3.      NASA’s Mars Rovers: NASA engineers used the analogy of remote-controlled cars to design and operate Mars rovers.

Benefits of Problem Solving by Analogy:

·         Enhanced creativity and innovation

·         Accelerated problem-solving process

·         Efficient utilization of existing knowledge and solutions

·         Increased flexibility and adaptability in solving new problems

 

 

Challenges in Problem Solving by Analogy:

·         Identifying appropriate source problems that have relevant similarities to the target problem.

·         Extracting the underlying principles effectively.

·         Adapting the principles to fit the target problem context.

·         Avoiding potential pitfalls of overgeneralization or oversimplification.

 

Tips for Effective Problem Solving by Analogy:

·         Build a diverse knowledge base: The broader your knowledge, the more diverse analogies you can draw upon.

·         Seek inspiration from various domains: Look beyond your immediate field to find relevant analogies.

·         Analyze successful solutions: Understand the underlying principles that led to success in previous problems.

·         Practice and refine your analogy skills: The more you practice, the better you become at recognizing analogies and applying them effectively.

Conclusion: Analogical problem solving is a valuable cognitive tool that can help us overcome challenges and find innovative solutions. By leveraging the power of connections and drawing upon existing knowledge, we can approach problem solving from fresh perspectives and unlock our creative problem-solving potential.

 

References:

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_metaphor#:~:text

https://www.jstor.org/stable/1129778

https://glossary.sil.org/term/target-domain#:~:text=A%20target%20domain%20is%20a,The%20crime%20rate%20keeps%20rising.

https://www.grin.com/document/276480

YouTube

https://youtu.be/FOXGQC-yawE

https://youtu.be/L7OSy67tzwc

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