Introduction:
Interference
is one theory to explain how and why forgetting occurs in long -term memory. Interference is
a memory phenomenon in which some memories interfere with the retrieval of
other memories.
Types of Interference:
There
are two basic types of interference:
·
Proactive
interference
·
Retroactive
interference
Retroactive interference:
Retroactive
interference refers to the tendency for new learning to inhibit retrieval of
old learning. The sleeping college students remembered more because
retroactive interference was held to a minimum.
Proactive interference:
Proactive
interference, the second form of interference, is the tendency for old memories to
interfere with the retrieval of newer memories.
Fan Effects:
The
fan effect is a psychological phenomenon under the branch of cognitive
psychology where recognition times or error rate for a particular concept
increases as more information about the concept is acquired. The word “fan” refers
to the number of associations correlated with the concept.
The origin of fan
effects:
The
fan effect first appeared in a series of experiments conducted by John R.
Anderson, a cognitive psychologist, in 1974. The three
experiments he conducted involved participants learning 26 sentences
that paired a person with a location. Additionally, they were asked to
determine whether or not a particular sentence that was given to them belonged
to the 26 they were asked to study. An example of a sentence
Anderson used in his experiment was: “A hippie is in the park.
Implications of fan
effects:
·
Cognitive Load: Fan
effects suggest that memory retrieval is subject to cognitive load. As the
number of related items increases, the cognitive load associated with
retrieving the target information also increases. This has implications for
tasks that require memory retrieval under high cognitive load, such as decision making
or problem
solving. It highlights the importance of managing cognitive load to
optimize cognitive performance.
·
Semantics network:
The fan effects is consistent with the idea of semantic network in memory.
According to this theory related concepts are organized in a network like
structure in memory. When multiple related items are active the retrieval
process becomes more complex as the activation spreads across the network, increasing the
difficulty of accessing a specific target item.
Conclusion:
interference and fan effects play significant roles in cognitive psychology,
specifically in the realm of memory and information processing.
Interference can impair memory recall by introducing competition or similarity
between information, while the fan effects demonstrate how the organization and
complexity of cognitive network affect the retrieval of information.
Understanding these phenomena can help researchers, education and individual
optimize memory performance and develop effective learning strategies.
Reference
·
https://www.verywellmind.com/interference-definition-4587808
·
https://images.app.goo.gl/XmYDTUr1eHYikBj58
·
https://www.ifioque.com/psyche/interference
·
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan_effect
·
https://chat.openai.com/?model=text-davinci-002-render-sha
No comments:
Post a Comment